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Internet2
Internet2 and What it Means to You

The Internet and the World Wide Web were the fastest technology ever penetrating into our daily lives. Over 50% of the U.S. population has a computer and Web access into their homes. This rapid adoption and use of technology certainly has its advantages. But if you've been using the Internet for the past decade, you can't help but notice the slow down due to increased network traffic.

The nations largest research institutions recognized the growing problem a few years back and began to discuss how to design a new Internet, labeled appropriately enough, Internet2. This second generation Internet is already in use by more than 179 universities, 18 corporations and 32 international members. Participation is open to others who contribute an annual fee and have the proper infrastructure to take advantage of the enormous increase in speed.

You may be thinking, "OK, that's great, faster speed = less wait, and that's a good thing. But is that all it means?" Definitely not. At its start, Internet2 was planned to, "recreate and sustain a leading edge network capability for the national research community."1 Pretty straight forward, but shortly after Internet2 was underway, faculty really began to take advantage of the Internet's potential for supporting and increasing learning. The scope of the overall goals for Internet2 quickly began to increase as other researchers added their hopes for the future Internet. One from William H. Graves speaks directly to our use as faculty. Internet2 will be able to support "the educational environment envisioned by many academic leaders and frequently captured in the phrase 'virtual university'. The main feature of this environment are the integrated networked delivery of multimedia learning materials, and asynchronous and synchronous conversations within learning communities of students and their mentors."2

Perhaps one of the best analogies of how to imagine Internet2 is to picture a merging of our current cable or satellite entertainment choices with our desktop computers. Internet2 will be able to carry broadcast quality, or better, full-screen, full-motion video on demand (live or stored.) Those small, short QuickTime video's we live with now will be history. Faculty and researchers will be able to videoconference over Internet2 without looking like Max Headroom. (Apologies to those too young to remember Max, let's just say it wasn't pretty.) Students will not have to wait for images or sound files to download; the response time should be nearly instantaneous.

"The technologies of Internet2 are being designed specifically to support the core processes of research, teaching, learning and service. These processes are fundamental to a university's mission."3

I will close with a final example provided by Ted Hanss from CREN. Mr Hanss' example is particularly important to our interests in medicine.

"Another important application, developed at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, demonstrates how effective the marriage of scientific instruments with supercomputing and visualization tools can be. This application, called "Watching the Brain in Action" comes from the combined efforts of the University of Pittsburgh, Carnegie Mellon University, and the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center. It involves real-time visualization of brain activity during visual and memory tasks of a subject in a remote Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanner. This application is currently being used in scientific research to improve the quality of data acquisition, but there are several clinical uses envisioned. This tool might eventually be used to diagnose brain pathology and psychiatric or cognitive disorders. It may be used to plan for neurosurgery. More broadly, the application can also serve as the basis for other tele-medicine and tele-research applications.

In this application, an individual may be undergoing a brain scan on an MRI machine. As the person is given a visual stimulus, the MRI machine scans for neural activity and the raw MRI data are transmitted over one leg of the network to the supercomputer at the Pittsburgh Supercomputing Center. As the data is received, the Cray supercomputer processes many MRI images into a single synchronized set of data, and creates a three-dimensional volume visualization of the brain. This visualization is then in turn sent on another leg of the network to a high-performance computer workstation that does the visualization in three dimensions on the desktop. The image can be rendered so that by wearing special glasses, you can see a 3-dimensional view of the brain. A really exciting part of this application is that because it is able to produce 3-dimensional views of the brain in real-time, you can actually see the different patterns of neurons firing in the person's brain as they are shown different visual patterns -- you can actually see the person thinking!

This capability allows someone -- a surgeon, for example -- anywhere with a high speed network connection to see, in real-time, where the visual stimulation occurred in the brain. The surgeon could go in and remove a tumor using this tool as a way of understanding more precisely where the tumor affects certain areas of the brain. Clinical assessment tools that can respond quickly, and with as rich an environment as the human brain, are simply not accessible today. "4

Related Links:

For more information on Internet2 the references and links below provide a history, current applications, and future goals. Also Send comments about this article to Forum.Jefferson@jefferson.edu.


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